82 UNIQUE CHALLENGES OF DRIVING IN BELGIUM...

After we arrive in mainland Europe, one of the first challenges we will face is driving in Belgium (yes, I know we arrive in France, but I’ll get to them in the future). What should we expect in the country with the world's first fully lit motorway network (amongst other things)?

Driving in Belgium is an experience that combines the challenges of varied regional laws, an extensive road network, and a blend of urban and rural landscapes.  Belgium is known for its rich cultural heritage and medieval cities.  Its unique driving customs, rules, and regulations may surprise visitors.  Here are some distinctive features that make driving in Belgium an exciting and memorable experience.

Regional Differences in Road Signs and Languages

One of the most noticeable aspects of driving in Belgium is its multilingual road signage, reflecting the country's three official languages: Dutch, French, and German.  In Flanders, road signs are in Dutch; in Wallonia, they are in French; and in the German-speaking area, signs are in German. In bilingual Brussels, signs are in both Dutch and French.

When place names differ across languages, the changing language can be confusing.  For instance, "Bruxelles" in French is "Brussel" in Dutch, so drivers should stay alert to these variations. This diversity adds a unique linguistic twist to driving in Belgium, requiring awareness of place names in multiple languages.

The Complex "Priority to the Right" Rule

Like many European countries, Belgium enforces a "priority to the right" rule, which gives vehicles approaching from the right the right of way unless otherwise indicated. This rule is essential on minor rural roads, suburban areas, and certain urban districts. It is taken seriously and applies even when roads have no stop signs or traffic lights. 

Drivers unfamiliar with the 'priority to the right' rule should be cautious, as failing to yield can lead to accidents and fines.  Most major intersections in cities are regulated by traffic lights or stop signs.  Still, it's safer to assume that vehicles from the right have priority when in doubt.

Extensive Use of Cyclist and Pedestrian Zones

Belgium is a cyclist-friendly country with many dedicated bike lanes and cyclist-priority zones, particularly in cities like Ghent, Antwerp, and Leuven.  Many urban areas have strict rules requiring drivers to yield to cyclists at crossings and in shared lanes.  Additionally, cities often have pedestrian-only zones, or 'zones piétonnes', where cars are restricted or not allowed.  These zones may only permit limited access during certain times, making it essential for drivers to check local signs and schedules.

In Belgium, pedestrians always have the right of way at zebra crossings without traffic lights, and drivers must stop.  This strong emphasis on pedestrian safety can catch drivers off guard if they're not accustomed to Belgium's strict pedestrian-priority laws.

Toll-Free Motorways and Extensive Road Network

One unique feature of Belgium's road system is that most highways, or motorways, are toll-free.  This makes it easier for locals and visitors to travel freely around the country without additional fees.  The road network is dense and well-connected, with motorways linking significant cities such as Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, and Liege.  However, Belgium also has one of the most complex motorway systems in Europe, and navigating the busy junctions and interchanges can be challenging for those unfamiliar with the area.

While toll-free, Belgium's highways are often congested, particularly around Brussels and Antwerp, which have some of the worst traffic congestion in Europe. Rush hour traffic can be intense, so planning travel times outside of peak hours is advisable.

Mandatory Winter Equipment and Headlights

While Belgium doesn't have the same harsh winter weather as neighbouring countries like Germany and Switzerland, it has strict winter driving laws.  In snowy or icy conditions, drivers are advised to use winter tyres, which are not mandatory.  However, if you plan to drive into the Ardennes region in winter, winter tyres or chains may be advisable due to the mountainous terrain and colder temperatures.

Belgium also mandates using headlights in low-visibility conditions, such as fog, rain, or snow. Daytime running lights are encouraged but not compulsory. The vehicle must also have a reflective safety vest, warning triangle, and first-aid kit.

Strict Enforcement of Speed Limits and Automated Cameras

Belgium strongly emphasises speed regulation, with speed limits strictly enforced by an extensive network of speed cameras and traffic enforcement zones.  Speed limits in Belgium are generally set at 120 km/h (about 75 mph) on highways, 90 km/h (about 56 mph) on rural roads, and 50 km/h (about 31 mph) in urban areas.  However, some city areas are limited to 30 km/h (about 18 mph) for pedestrian safety.

Speeding fines can be high, and Belgium uses a points-based system for traffic violations.  Accumulating too many points can result in a license suspension.  Foreign drivers should also note that Belgium has agreements with many European countries, meaning speeding fines can follow you home.

Heavy Traffic Congestion and Parking Challenges

Belgium has some of the worst traffic congestion in Europe, especially around cities like Brussels and Antwerp.  Given Belgium's location at the heart of Europe, domestic and international traffic heavily use the road network.  Rush hours, particularly weekday mornings and evenings, can lead to significant delays.

Parking is another challenge in Belgian cities. Spaces are limited, and many areas require paid parking permits or meters. Some cities operate 'blue zones', where free parking is limited. A blue disc indicates your time of arrival. Failure to display a disc in blue zones can result in a fine, so foreign drivers should be aware of local parking rules and look for signs indicating parking zones and fees.

Roundabouts with Priority Rules

Roundabouts are common in Belgium and typically operate with the rule that vehicles already in the roundabout have priority.  However, Belgium also has 'priority to the right' roundabouts, where drivers entering from the right may have priority over those inside the roundabout, especially in smaller towns or rural areas.  Signs usually indicate this rule, but foreign drivers should be cautious and yield when uncertain.

The prevalence of roundabouts can be significantly confusing, where priority rules change, so staying alert and observing local signage is essential to avoid misunderstandings.

Environmental Zones and Low-Emission Requirements

Belgium has introduced low-emission zones, or 'LEZ' (Low Emission Zones), in major cities like Brussels, Antwerp, and Ghent.  These zones are designed to reduce pollution, improve air quality, and restrict access to older, higher-emission vehicles.  To enter these zones, vehicles must meet emission standards, and foreign drivers may need to register their cars in advance.

The restrictions in these LEZ areas vary, and violations can result in fines.  Travellers driving into city centres should check the specific LEZ requirements and determine if their vehicle qualifies for entry or requires special registration.

Prohibition of Hands-Free and Handheld Phone Use While Driving

Belgium strictly prohibits handheld and hands-free mobile phone use while driving.  Drivers are not allowed to use any phone or mobile device, even with hands-free systems, which is stricter than in many other European countries.  Violating this rule can result in high fines and points on the driver's license. 

The rule is part of Belgium's commitment to minimising distractions and improving road safety.  Pulling over is advisable if you need to use a phone or device, as this rule is rigorously enforced.

Frequent Rain and Slippery Roads

Belgium has a damp climate, with frequent rain that can make roads slippery, especially in urban areas where vehicle oil builds up.  Wet conditions can make stopping distances longer, and drivers should exercise caution, particularly on highways and at intersections.  Belgian roads are well-maintained, but the high levels of rain mean that foreign drivers should be prepared for potentially slippery roads and reduced visibility.

Driving Etiquette and Courteous Behaviour

Belgian drivers are generally courteous and law-abiding, though driving styles can vary between regions.  In Flanders, drivers follow the rules carefully, whereas Walloon drivers may have a slightly more relaxed approach.  Using turn signals is expected, and drivers typically avoid unnecessary honking.  Lane discipline is also essential, particularly on highways, where staying in the right lane except when overtaking is the norm.

Belgium's driving culture is focused on mutual respect.  Drivers are expected to be patient, especially in high-traffic areas.  Foreign drivers should follow this courteous approach to fit into the Belgian driving environment.

Conclusion

Driving in Belgium presents a unique experience with its mix of multilingual signage, strict speed enforcement, and a courteous driving culture.  From its famous 'priority to the right' rule to its LEZ requirements in major cities, Belgium's road regulations emphasise safety, respect, and environmental responsibility.  For travellers who understand these unique rules, driving in Belgium offers a smooth and enjoyable way to explore this beautiful country.